This week, we’re going to begin to explore the world of Florida’s native wildflowers, with a spotlight on the Scorpion Tail.
But first, what exactly does “native plant” mean?
What’s a Native Plant?
The US Forest Service defines native plants as “the indigenous terrestrial and aquatic species that have evolved and occur naturally in a particular region, ecosystem, and habitat. Species native to North America are generally recognized as those occurring on the continent prior to European settlement.”
A silly way to think about them is as the local celebrities of the plant world—they’re the ones who have been here since way back when, evolving naturally to thrive in our specific Florida habitats. You can find them in our forests, wetlands, and even in our own backyards.
They’re all about low-maintenance living. No need for constant pampering with water or fertilizer; these plants are tough cookies, perfectly adapted to our climate and soil. In addition, they attract all sorts of critters, from fluttering monarch butterflies to buzzing pollinators.
As well, they’re eco-friendly, needing fewer pesticides, helping to keep our waterways clean and green.
However, it’s essential to remember: just because a plant is native doesn’t mean you can freely dig it up from the wild. Florida state law safeguards many of our cherished plant species by prohibiting the removal or destruction of plants found in their natural habitats. Many local nurseries now have a native plant section in their shops.
At one of these local shops, I discovered the Scorpion Tail.
Vital Statistics
- FAMILY: Boraginaceae (Borage or forget-me-not family)
- GENUS: Heliotropium
- COMMON NAMES: Scorpion Tail, Scorpion’s Tail, Rooster Comb, Cat Tongue, Bright Eye Bush
- ORIGIN: Native to Florida, Texas, Caribbean, Central America, South America
- MATURE SIZE: 1 foot to 3 feet tall, 2 feet to 3 feet spread
- LIGHT REQUIREMENTS: Full sun, partial sun
- WATER REQUIREMENTS: Low
- FLOWER: Year round
General Information
The Scorpion Tail plant is known for its rapid growth, typically reaching heights of 6 to 10 feet and spreading just as wide in its native habitat. However, in home gardens, it often stays more compact, around 2 to 3 feet in both height and width. While it’s considered a short-lived perennial in warmer zones like 10A, in northern Florida, it’s best treated as an annual. Even in 10A, it will need to be replaced every few years. However, it is a prolific self-seeder, doing an excellent job replacing itself.
This plant is blooms abundantly, producing tiny white flowers. In its natural habitat, it’s commonly found in coastal hammocks, where it serves as tall ground cover or a small shrub. One of its notable features is its moderate drought and salt tolerance, making it suitable for various landscapes, including habitat restoration projects, butterfly gardens, or as ground cover or a small shrub.
Despite its rapid growth, the Scorpion Tail plant has no significant pest or disease issues. On the contrary, it attracts a plethora of butterflies, serving as a nectar source for species like the Bahamian swallowtail, Cassius blue, Florida white, and many others. Its ability to support local butterfly populations makes it a valuable addition to any garden aiming to promote biodiversity. Florida bees are attracted to the plant as well.
In my experience, the Scorpion Tail’s tendency to self-seed abundantly can be an issue. Removing spent blooms will help prevent unwanted seedlings and promote longer blooms. Additionally, it’s worth noting that the plant can also be propagated by cuttings.
Caution: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Scorpion Tail
It’s crucial to note that all parts of the Scorpion Tail plant contain significant amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, harmful compounds known to cause serious liver damage in both humans and animals. Cases of poisoning in humans are rare and its risk is low when handling in the home garden.
Poisoning typically occurs when seeds of Scorpion Tail are inadvertently mixed with grain crops, particularly during the harvesting of vegetation for animal feed, such as with horses.
Historical Medicinal Uses
Interestingly, in regions like the Bahamas, Virgin Islands, Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, the Scorpion Tail plant is known by names like Bright-Eye Bush or Eyebright, hinting at its historical medicinal uses as an eyewash.
Traditionally, the leaves were dried and used in various medical remedies for skin problems, burns, and sores. However, caution is warranted as there have been instances of deaths associated with overdosing on infusions made from the plant.
The leaves possess properties that can stimulate menstruation and even cause abortion if orally ingested, highlighting the need for careful consideration when using this plant for medicinal purposes.
Conclusion
As we finish our study of the Scorpion Tail plant, it’s clear that this native wildflower is a remarkable addition to any Florida garden. With its rapid growth, abundant blooms, and ecological benefits, it offers both beauty and functionality. By understanding and respecting its characteristics, we can enjoy the benefits of this captivating plant while promoting biodiversity and sustainability in our landscapes. So why not consider adding the Scorpion Tail to your garden and discover the wonders of Florida’s native flora firsthand?